Glossary of Narcissistic Terms And NPD

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This glossary of terms related to narcissism and Narcissistic Personality Disorder (NPD) includes both commonly used terms and academic/clinical terms.

Narcissism is primarily studied as an abnormal personality disorder, with traits involving self-importance, entitlement, and the regulation of self-esteem through recognition or status. These traits vary in degree. Having narcissistic traits does not automatically mean someone has narcissistic personality disorder (NPD).

Researchers differentiate between grandiose narcissism and vulnerable narcissism, each having some unique psychological and biological traits (Altmann & Roth, 2024; Borráz-León et al., 2023). Grandiose narcissism involves greater assertiveness, self-enhancement, and status seeking. Vulnerable narcissism involves greater shame, insecurity, and sensitivity to evaluation. These features can overlap or fluctuate within the same person.

This glossary explains clinical terms, research concepts, and informal expressions used in discussions of narcissism and abusive relationships. Informal terms are identified where relevant. Abusive behavior can occur with or without NPD, and a diagnosis cannot be established from a glossary or relationship checklist.

A

Abandonment, Fear of. A distress about that possibility of being left alone or losing an important relationship. Can occur across several mental health conditions and in people without a diagnosis.
Abuse by Proxy. Using other people to carry out or extend abuse, such as harassment, intimidation, monitoring, or reputational attacks. Those involved may act knowingly or be manipulated into participating. This can distance the instigator from the abusive acts and make their involvement harder to identify. It is not specific to narcissism or NPD.
ACoNs. Adult Children of Narcissists. (Read: How Narcissist Mothers Treat Their Daughters).
Admiration and Approval / Admiration Seeking. Intense need for constant attention and validation from others. Persistent pursuit of praise and validation to bolster self-esteem.
Affective Empathy. The capacity to emotionally resonate with another person’s feelings. May be reduced or inconsistently engaged in people with narcissistic traits.
Agentic Extraversion. A research dimension involving assertiveness, social boldness, status seeking, and a tendency toward leadership or dominance. It helps describe the outwardly confident aspect of grandiose narcissism.
Aggression. Use of verbal or physical force to intimidate and control.
Alienation. Deliberate isolation of a victim from their support network.
Antagonism. A personality dimension involving tendencies such as entitlement, arrogance, distrust, callousness, and exploitation. It is important for understanding what grandiose and vulnerable narcissistic features can share.
Antisocial Personality Disorder (ASPD). A personality disorder involving a persistent disregard for and violation of others’ rights. It may co-occur with NPD, but the diagnoses are distinct.
Apathy. Emotional detachment/indifference.
Acquired Situational Narcissism (ASN). A proposed form of narcissism that develops in adulthood as a result of acquiring sudden wealth, fame, or power rather than from early childhood experiences. May commonly be referred to as “celebrity narcissism.”
Arrogance. Haughty or superior attitude toward others.
Attachment Trauma. Childhood emotional wounds increasing NPD vulnerability.

B

Backhanded Compliment. Insult disguised as praise to undermine confidence.
Baiting. Provocative actions to trigger reactive drama.
Belittling. Diminishing another’s worth through criticism or mockery.
Betrayal Trauma. Trauma involving serious harm or violation of trust by a person or institution on whom someone depends. Dependence can complicate recognition, disclosure, or response to the harm.
Black-and-White Thinking. Viewing situations in extremes, without nuance.
Blame Shifting. Deflecting responsibility by accusing others.
Body Shaming. Criticizing physical appearance to erode self-esteem.
Borderline Personality Disorder (BPD). A cluster B disorder characterized by intense emotional instability, unstable relationships, and impulsive behaviors. It often involves a fear of abandonment and can lead to self-destructive actions.
Boundaries. Limits a person sets around their participation, privacy, time, body, and relationships, including what they will do if those limits are crossed.
Boundary Violations. Disregarding or crossing others’ personal limits without consent.
Brainwashing. Systematic alteration of beliefs and behaviors through manipulation. (Read: Gaslighting vs. Brainwashing).
Breadcrumbing. An informal term for intermittent, low-effort attention that keeps someone interested while avoiding meaningful commitment or relationship clarity. Often creates emotional dependence on the breadcrumber.
Bystander Effect. Reduced likelihood of intervention when others are present, enabling abuse

C

Celebrity Narcissism. See Acquired Situational Narcissism (ASN).
Cerebral Narcissism. Informal label describing a form of narcissism where supply is derived from perceived intellectual superiority.
Closure. An everyday term for a sense of resolution or acceptance after a loss, conflict, or relationship ending. It does not necessarily require an explanation or apology from the other person. Also see Need for Closure (NFC).
Cluster B Personality Disorders. A group of mental health conditions marked by dramatic, erratic behavior, intense unstable emotions, and impulsive actions. The four types are antisocial personality disorder, borderline personality disorder, histrionic personality disorder, and narcissistic personality disorder.
Codependency. Excessive emotional or psychological reliance on a partner, often seen in relationships with narcissists.
Coercive Control. A pattern of behavior that restricts another person’s autonomy through intimidation, isolation, surveillance, threats, resource restriction, or other forms of domination. It can occur with or without physical or intimate violence. Intense affection or pressure for rapid commitment may form part of the pattern when used to create dependency or restrict choice.
Cognitive Dissonance. Psychological discomfort arising from conflicting beliefs, values, or behavior. For example, believing a partner is caring while repeatedly experiencing mistreatment.
Cognitive Empathy. The capacity to understand another person’s perspective or emotional state without necessarily sharing their feelings. It differs from affective empathy, which involves emotionally resonating with another person. In narcissism research, cognitive-empathy findings vary with how empathy is measured; understanding someone’s feelings does not guarantee a caring response, nor does it automatically imply manipulation.
Collective Narcissism. A belief that one’s group is exceptional and deserves recognition that others insufficiently provide. The group may be national, religious, political, or otherwise defined.
Compartmentalization. Mentally keeping conflicting feelings, beliefs, experiences, or roles separate. It can reduce awareness of contradictions and does not necessarily involve conscious deception.
Communal Narcissism. Grandiose self-view centered on being the most helpful, caring, or moral person. (Read 6 Types of Narcissists: One Is Extremely Dangerous).
Comorbidity. The presence of two or more conditions in the same person. Co-occurring conditions remain distinct and may require separate assessment. (See Depression in Narcissism).
Complex PTSD (C-PTSD). A trauma-related disorder recognized in ICD-11 that includes PTSD symptoms together with persistent difficulties regulating emotions, a negative self-concept, and relationship difficulties. It often follows prolonged or repeated trauma.
Contingent Self-Esteem. Self-worth that depends strongly on meeting particular conditions, such as receiving approval, succeeding, looking attractive, or outperforming others.
Control. Compulsive need to dominate environments and people.
Covert Narcissism. A descriptive term for narcissistic attitudes or needs expressed less openly, such as concealed superiority or an unspoken entitlement (expectation of special recognition). Often used interchangeably with vulnerable narcissism in popular writing, although the terms describe different aspects of presentation. Covert narcissists, despite their outward shyness and self-consciousness, are often hypersensitive to criticism.
Cycle of Abuse. A model describing recurring periods of tension, abuse, reconciliation, and relative calm in some abusive relationships. Many abusive relationships do not follow a predictable cycle, and coercive control may continue throughout.

D

DARVO. Deny, Attack, and Reverse Victim and Offender: a response to being confronted about wrongdoing in which someone denies the behavior, attacks the person raising it, and portrays themselves as the victim. Not specific to narcissism. Introduced by Jennifer Freyd in the betrayal-trauma literature. (Read: DARVO: The Narcissist’s Toolkit).
Dark Empath. A proposed research profile that merges high empathy with dark triad traits.
Dark Triad. Personality traits encompassing narcissism, Machiavellianism, and psychopathy. Individuals with Dark Triad traits exhibit callousness, manipulativeness, and egocentrism.
Dark Tetrad. Personality traits encompassing narcissism, Machiavellianism, psychopathy, and sadism.
Deflection. Redirecting conversations or blame to avoid accountability.
Denial. Refusal to acknowledge flaws, mistakes, or reality.
Depression in Narcissism. The relationship between narcissism and depression is complex and not yet fully understood. Research found a strong positive correlation between vulnerable narcissism and depression (Borráz-León & Rantala, 2025).
Devaluation. Viewing or treating someone or oneself as markedly inferior, disappointing, or worthless, sometimes following idealization.
Discard. Abrupt abandonment of relationships.
Dissociation. Disruption in the usual integration of awareness, memory, identity, perception, or connection to oneself and surroundings. It may occur during overwhelming stress and is not specific to narcissistic abuse.
Distortion. Twisting facts or events to fit a manipulative narrative.
Divide and Conquer. Creating divisions among people to maintain control.
Diversionary Tactics. Methods to shift focus from one’s wrongdoing.
Dominance. Strong desire to exert power over others.
DSM-5 / DSM-5-TR. The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition, is a comprehensive guide used by mental health professionals to diagnose mental health conditions like NPD. DSM-5-TR is the text revision.

E

Echoism. Tendency to suppress one’s own needs and echo others’ desires, often as a response to narcissistic environments
Ego. A term with different meanings across psychological traditions. In everyday language, it often refers to someone’s sense of self or self-importance; in psychoanalytic theory, it refers to functions involved in managing reality and competing internal demands. An “inflated ego” is an informal expression for exaggerated self-importance or an overestimation of one’s abilities, which may overlap with grandiose narcissistic traits.
Emotional Abuse. Harm through criticism, humiliation, or control.
Emotional Blackmail. Using fear, guilt, or obligation to coerce compliance.
Emotional Exhaustion. Emotional and mental exhaustion from prolonged tolerance of abusive behavior.
Emotional Manipulation. Tactics like guilt-tripping to influence others.
Emotion Regulation. The processes involved in recognizing, managing, and responding to emotions. Difficulties regulating shame, anger, or disappointment may contribute to interpersonal problems.
Emotional Vampirism. Metaphor, meaning draining others’ energy through constant demands.
Empathy Deficit. Reduced or inconsistent capacity to understand or emotionally resonate with another person’s experiences. Empathy has several components, and difficulties can vary across people and situations. Research links narcissism more consistently with reduced affective empathy than with impaired performance on cognitive-empathy tasks. An empathy deficit does not necessarily mean a complete absence of empathy.
Enabler. See Narcissistic Enabler.
Enmeshment. Blurred boundaries leading to loss of individual identity.
Entitlement. Unreasonable expectations of special treatment.
Envy. Distress or resentment about another person’s advantages, achievements, possessions, or qualities. Envying others, or believing others are envious of oneself, is included among the diagnostic features of NPD. Also see Jealousy.
Exploitation. Using others for personal gain.
Exhibitionistic Narcissism. A descriptive term used in some clinical writings for a conspicuously self-promoting, attention-seeking narcissistic presentation. It is not a separate formal diagnosis.

F

False Self. A psychoanalytic concept describing a presentation of oneself organized around external expectations or protection from vulnerability. Its meaning varies by theory, and it is not unique to NPD.
Fantasy. Grandiose dreams of power and superiority.
Fauxpology. A fake or insincere apology designed to deflect the issue, avoid consequences, or induce guilt in the person being apologized to.
Fawn Response. An informal term for appeasing or accommodating someone in response to a perceived threat. It is not a formal diagnosis.
Financial Abuse. Controlling finances to create dependency and power imbalance.
Five-Factor Narcissism Inventory (FFNI). A self-report measure assessing grandiose and vulnerable narcissistic traits through the five-factor model of personality framework. Describes narcissism as a profile of more specific personality traits rather than a single undifferentiated characteristic (Crowe & Miller, 2017). Used in research and assessment but is not a stand-alone diagnostic test.
Flying Monkeys. A colloquial term for third parties who assist someone’s harassment, monitoring, pressure, or reputational attacks. Their involvement may be knowing or based on misleading information. Such involvement can occur in coercive control or post-separation abuse and is not specific to narcissism. See Abuse by Proxy.
“Four Horsemen” Pattern. Four destructive communication patterns identified in John Gottman’s relationship research: criticism, contempt, defensiveness, and stonewalling. Criticism attacks a person’s character; contempt communicates superiority or disrespect; defensiveness deflects responsibility; and stonewalling involves withdrawing from interaction. These patterns can damage relationships but are not specific to narcissism or evidence of NPD.
Future Faking. An informal term for making misleading promises about a shared future to gain trust, commitment, or compliance. A sincerely intended plan that later changes is different from a deceptive promise.

G

Gaslighting. A pattern of manipulation that undermines a person’s confidence in their memory, perception, or judgment. May involve, for example, repeatedly denying events and insisting the person imagined them. Needs to be a pattern; an isolated disagreement or differing recollection is insufficient to establish gaslighting.
Golden Child. The favored child in a narcissistic family dynamic, often pitted against others.
Grandiose Narcissism. A narcissistic presentation involving self-importance, assertiveness, status seeking, and expectations of recognition or special treatment. It can coexist with vulnerable features.
Grandiosity. Exaggerated sense of self-importance.
Gray Rock Method. An informal coping strategy involving keeping necessary interactions brief, factual, and emotionally neutral, with the aim of reducing engagement in manipulation or conflict. It may help in some situations but can provoke escalation in others. Where abuse or threats are present, its use should be considered within an individualized safety plan.

H

Hoovering. An informal term for attempts to draw someone back into a harmful relationship after distance or separation, often through promises, apologies, gifts, or manufactured urgency. Evaluate the behavior against the relationship’s history and respect for boundaries.
Histrionic Personality Disorder. A Cluster B personality disorder characterized by pervasive excessive emotionality and attention-seeking. It is distinct from NPD, although some features may overlap.
Hypervigilance. Heightened state of alertness, often developed by victims of narcissistic abuse

I

Idealization. Viewing someone or oneself in an excessively positive way that minimizes flaws or limitations. It can occur beyond the beginning of a relationship and need not be deliberate.
Idealization–Devaluation–Discard. A commonly discussed relationship pattern in which intense admiration or idealization gives way to criticism or devaluation, followed by rejection or withdrawal. Often discussed in relation to narcissism and abusive relationships, it is not a diagnostic model or a universal sequence. Phases may overlap or recur, and similar patterns can occur without NPD.
Insight. Awareness of one’s psychological patterns and their effects on oneself and others. Insight can vary across situations and over time.
Inner Child Healing. Therapeutic process addressing childhood traumas linked to narcissistic patterns. An umbrella expression for varied therapeutic or self-help approaches.
Intermittent Reinforcement. A learning process in which a behavior is rewarded on some occasions rather than every time. In harmful relationships, unpredictable affection or relief may help sustain hope and continued engagement despite repeated mistreatment.
Invalidation. Dismissing or belittling others’ emotions or experiences.

J

Jealousy. Distress over a perceived threat to a valued relationship, often involving a real or imagined rival. Also see Envy.

K

Kohut’s Theory. Self-psychology framework emphasizing the role of self-objects in narcissistic development

L

Lost Child. The overlooked or invisible child in a narcissistic family system.
Love Bombing. An informal term for overwhelming attention, affection, gifts, or rapid commitment used to gain influence or accelerate attachment. Concern is greater when this involves pressure to commit, boundary violations, or later control; early enthusiasm alone does not establish manipulation. Not a diagnostic term, often described as a control tactic.
Low Contact. Deliberately limiting the frequency, subjects, or channels of communication with someone.

M

Malignant Narcissism. A theoretical clinical description combining severe narcissistic pathology with features such as antisocial behavior, aggression or sadism, and paranoid tendencies. It is not a separate formal diagnosis.
Manipulation. Controlling others through deception.
Mask. A false facade presented to conceal true intentions or vulnerabilities.
Mask Model of Narcissism. A theoretical account proposing that outward grandiosity may defend against underlying insecurity or low self-esteem. Its applicability varies, and grandiose narcissism should not automatically be interpreted as concealed self-hatred or evidence of chronic stress.
Mentalization. The capacity to understand behavior in terms of mental states, such as feelings, beliefs, wishes, and intentions, while recognizing that interpretations can be mistaken.
Mirroring. Reflecting another person’s expressions, feelings, or behavior. Mirroring is common in ordinary social interaction; deliberate imitation can also be used to manufacture similarity or trust.

N

Narcissism. Personality traits involving self-importance, entitlement, and a strong investment in recognition, status, or admiration. Narcissistic traits vary in intensity and can include both grandiose and vulnerable features.
Narcissistic Admiration. In the narcissistic admiration and rivalry model, a strategy of maintaining a grandiose self-image through self-promotion, charm, and striving for uniqueness.
Narcissistic Abuse. An informal term for abusive behavior attributed to someone described as narcissistic. The behaviors may include humiliation, manipulation, exploitation, and coercive control. The term does not establish NPD, and these behaviors are not unique to the disorder.
Narcissistic Collapse. An informal term for marked distress or deterioration in functioning following a major threat to self-esteem or status. It is not a formal diagnosis, and the phrase does not predict how someone will respond.
Narcissistic Enabler. A person who excuses or supports the narcissist’s harmful actions
Narcissistic Injury. A perceived threat to self-esteem or self-image, such as criticism, rejection, humiliation, or loss of status.
Narcissistic Leadership. Leadership shaped by narcissistic traits, such as grandiosity, entitlement, admiration seeking, and a strong investment in personal status. Confidence and charisma may help such individuals gain leadership positions, while pronounced entitlement, exploitation, and sensitivity to criticism can undermine collaboration and accountability. The term describes traits and behavior; it does not establish a diagnosis of NPD.
Narcissistic Neuroticism. Shame-prone, oversensitive traits
Narcissistic Personality Disorder (NPD). A personality disorder involving a persistent pattern of grandiosity, need for admiration, and difficulties recognizing or responding to others’ feelings and needs. The pattern occurs across situations and causes significant difficulties in functioning or relationships. Diagnosis requires a comprehensive clinical assessment. (See: Narcissistic Personality Disorder (NPD): Diagnostic Guide).
Narcissistic Personality Inventory (NPI). A self-report questionnaire widely used to measure predominantly grandiose narcissistic traits. A score does not establish NPD. (See: Narcissistic Personality Test).
Narcissistic Rage. Intense anger or hostility following a perceived threat to self-esteem, status, or entitlement. It may be expressed openly or indirectly and is not a separate diagnosis. (Read: What Triggers Narcissistic Rage?)
Narcissistic Rivalry. In the same model, a strategy of protecting a grandiose self-image through competition, derogating others, and defensive hostility.
Narcissistic Supply. A psychoanalytic and popular term for attention, admiration, or other responses from others used to support self-esteem or a desired self-image. (Read: Narcissistic Supply Explained).
National Narcissism. A rhetoric emphasizing a nation’s greatness and sense of entitlement; a form of collective narcissism (the belief that one’s group is superior to others but lacks external recognition). See Collective Narcissism.
Need for Closure (NFC). A research concept describing a preference for definite answers and an aversion to ambiguity or uncertainty.
Neuroscience of Narcissism. Research examining associations between narcissistic traits or NPD and brain structure or function. Findings describe group-level associations and cannot establish an individual’s diagnosis, empathy, or intentions.
No Contact. Ending direct and, where feasible, indirect communication with someone to protect safety or well-being. Practical, caregiving, legal, or safety circumstances can affect whether and how it is possible.

O

Object Constancy. In psychodynamic theory, the capacity to maintain a reasonably stable emotional connection and balanced view of another person despite separation, frustration, or conflict. Difficulties with this capacity may contribute to abrupt shifts between idealizing and devaluing someone.
Object Relations Theory. Psychoanalytic perspective on how early relationships shape narcissistic pathology
Overt Narcissism. Obvious, grandiose presentation

P

Parentification. Role reversal where a child assumes parental responsibilities in narcissistic families
Passive-Aggression. Indirect resistance or hostility, such as procrastination or sullenness
Pathological Lying. Compulsive dishonesty
Pathological Narcissism. Narcissistic difficulties involving unstable self-esteem, rigid self-protection, and impaired relationships or functioning. The concept overlaps with NPD but is broader than the formal diagnosis.
Pathological Narcissism Inventory (PNI). A self-report questionnaire assessing dimensions of pathological grandiosity and vulnerability. It supports research and assessment but does not independently diagnose NPD.
Post-Separation Abuse. Continued or escalating abuse after a relationship ends, including harassment, stalking, financial control, or misuse of children or legal processes.
Projection. A defense mechanism in which someone attributes their own feelings, impulses, or qualities to another person, often without recognizing those experiences in themselves.
Psychopathy. A research and clinical construct involving traits such as callousness, shallow emotional experience, manipulativeness, and antisocial tendencies. It overlaps with ASPD but is not equivalent to ASPD or NPD.
Psychological Safety. The belief that individuals can express their ideas, questions, and concerns without fear of punishment or humiliation. It fosters an environment where team or family members feel accepted and respected, which enhances collaboration.
Public–Private Behavior Discrepancy. Presenting different personas to different people. Also see Mask.

Q

R

Reactive Abuse. A contested informal term for a person’s aggressive or distressed reaction within an abusive situation, especially when that reaction is used to portray them as the primary aggressor. Assessment requires attention to the broader pattern of coercion, power, fear, and harm.
Red Flags. Early warning signs of abuse.
Rumination. Repetitive, obsessive thinking often experienced by victims.

S

Safety Planning. Developing practical, individualized steps to reduce risk from abuse, including support contacts, safer communication, access to resources, and emergency options.
Scapegoat. Family member blamed for problems.
Self-Centered Antagonism. Disdain and exploitation of others.
Self-Esteem Regulation. The processes through which people maintain or restore their sense of worth. In narcissistic difficulties, self-esteem may depend heavily on admiration, achievement, comparison, or protection from perceived humiliation.
Self-Object. In Kohut’s self-psychology, another person as experienced in a role that supports self-cohesion, self-esteem, or emotional regulation. Self-object needs occur in ordinary development as well as in clinical difficulties.
Silent Treatment. Deliberately withholding communication to punish, pressure, or control someone. A clearly communicated break to calm down has a different purpose.
Smear Campaign. Damaging someone’s reputation.
Somatic Narcissism. Informal label describing narcissism focused on physical appearance, beauty, or intimacy-related prowess.
Splitting. A defense mechanism involving difficulty integrating positive and negative aspects of oneself or others, resulting in sharply polarized evaluations. It can occur in different psychological conditions and is not unique to NPD. Also called black-and-white thinking.
Stonewalling. Withdrawing from or refusing to engage in an interaction. It may involve overwhelm, avoidance, or deliberate obstruction; the context and pattern matter.
Supply. An abbreviated form of the term “narcissistic supply.”

T

Toxic Shame. An informal term for pervasive feelings of being fundamentally defective or unworthy. Such feelings may occur in vulnerable narcissism and many other forms of distress.
Triangulation. Using third parties to manipulate relationships. Drawing a third party into a dyad under stress to manage anxiety or power, a core process in Bowen family systems theory. In abuse contexts, triangulation can be used to isolate, incite jealousy, or manipulate alliances. (Read: 10 Examples of Narcissistic Triangulation)
Trauma Bonding (Traumatic Bonding). A strong attachment to someone who causes harm, sometimes maintained by a power imbalance and alternating mistreatment, affection, or relief. It can make leaving emotionally difficult. Often formed under power imbalance with intermittent punishment/reward. Does not mean simply bonding over shared traumatic experiences.
Trauma Responses. Fight, flight, freeze, fawn reactions

U

V

Victim-Blaming. Holding victims responsible for abuse
Vulnerable Narcissism. A narcissistic presentation involving shame, insecurity, sensitivity to criticism, and unstable self-esteem alongside entitlement or self-focused concerns. Vulnerability alone, such as shyness or low confidence, does not establish narcissism.

W

Withholding. Deliberately restricting information, resources, or communication as a means of punishment or control. Choosing not to provide affection or physical intimacy is not, by itself, abuse; consent remains essential.
Word Salad. Confusing, meaningless communication.
Walking on Eggshells. Being careful not to upset or offend someone like a narcissist, often due to their unpredictable moods or reactions. This can create a tense and exhausting atmosphere in relationships, indicating a lack of open communication and emotional safety.

X

Y

Z

Zero Empathy. An informal expression sometimes used to describe someone perceived as showing no understanding or concern for others. It is not a clinical term or an accurate general description of people with narcissistic traits or NPD. See Empathy Deficit.

Final Words

Understanding these terms can help you describe difficult experiences more clearly, recognize harmful patterns, and seek appropriate support. A glossary cannot determine whether someone has narcissistic personality disorder.

Focus on repeated behavior, its impact, and whether your boundaries and safety are respected. You do not need to establish a diagnosis before seeking help or protecting yourself from abuse.

People with narcissistic difficulties can seek treatment, and meaningful change is possible. Supporting someone’s recovery does not require remaining in a harmful relationship.

“Narcissists live under the illusion that they are entitled to be served, that their own wishes take precedence over those of others. They think that they deserve special consideration in life.” — Kets de Vries & Miller, 1985.

√ Also Read: How Narcissists Apologize: Their 10 Bizarre Apologies

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